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Metodebeskrivelse
Her kan dere lese om metodebeskrivelse for de enkelte
analysene. Velg første bokstav på analysen.
Listen er foreløpig ikke fullstendig, men vil bli
komplettert. |
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| Jern
(Fe) |
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| Engelsk
navn: |
Iron |
| Analyseinstrument: |
Advia®1800 |
| Reagensprodusent: |
Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics |
| Analyseprinsipp: |
Ferrozine
Ferric iron is dissociated from its carrier protein, transferrin, in an acid medium and simultaneously reduced to the ferrous form. The ferrous iron is then complexed with the ferrozine, a sensitive iron indicator, to produce a colored chromophore which absorbs maximally at 571 nm.
(Metoden tatt i bruk: 1/7-01) |
| Referanse: |
1.
|
Artiss JD, Vinogradov S and Zak B: Spectrophotometric study of several sensitivity reagents for serum iron.
Clin Biochem 14(6): 311-315 (1981) |
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2. |
Siedel J: Improved Ferrozine®
based reagent for the determination of serum
iron (transferrin iron) without deproteinization.
Clin Chem 30(6): 975 (1984) |
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3. |
Young DS, Pestaner LC, Gibberman V. Effect of drugs on clinical laboratory tests, Clin Chem. 1975; 21:5:1D-432D.
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4. |
Tietz, NW: Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests, 3rd Edition
WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA p.374 (1995)
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5. |
National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Precision performance of clinical chemistry devices; Approved Guideline-Second Edition. Wayne, PA: NCCLS; 1999. NCCLS Document EP5-A.
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| Kalsium
(Ca) |
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| Engelsk
navn: |
Calcium |
| Analyseinstrument: |
Advia®1800 |
| Reagensprodusent: |
Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics |
| Analyseprinsipp: |
CPC
Calcium ions form a violet complex with o-cresolphtalein
complexone in an alkaline medium. This endpoint
reaction is measured at 545 nm. |
| Referanse: |
1.
|
Gitelman HJ: An improved procedure
for the determination of calcium in biochemical
specimens: Ana Biochem
18:521-531(1967) |
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2. |
Tietz, NW: Clinical Guide to
Laboratory Tests, 3rd Edition
WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA pp 102-105
(1995) |
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| Kalium
(K) |
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| Engelsk
navn: |
Potassium |
| Analyseinstrument: |
Advia®1800 |
| Reagensprodusent: |
Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics |
| Analyseprinsipp: |
Ion Selective Electrode (ISE),
diluted
This method is based on an indirect potentiometric
procedure using an ion selective electrode
(ISE). The potassium ion selective electrode
responds selectively to potassium ions according
to the Nernst equation.
The sample is mixed with ISE buffer, thereby
providing a constant pH and a constant ionic
strength solution. As the buffered sample
is moved through the ion selective electrode,
changes in the electrical potential take place.
These electrical potential changes are measured
against the potential of a reference electrode
in order to derive the correct analogue value
for that sample.
(Metoden tatt i bruk: 1/7-01) |
| Referanse: |
1.
|
Eisenman G: Glass Electrodes
for Hydrogen and Other Cations, Principles
and Practise. New York, Marcel Dekker Inc.,
p 2 (1967) |
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2. |
Tietz, NW: Clinical Guide to
Laboratory Tests, 3rd Edition
WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA pp 610-611
(1995) |
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| Klor
(Cl) |
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| Engelsk
navn: |
Chloride |
| Analyseinstrument: |
Advia®1800 |
| Reagensprodusent: |
Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics |
| Analyseprinsipp: |
Ion Selective Electrode (ISE),
diluted
This method is based on an indirect potentiometric
procedure using an ion selective electrode
(ISE). The chloride ion selective electrode
responds selectively to chloride ions according
to the Nernst equation.
The sample is mixed with ISE buffer, thereby
providing a constant pH and a constant ionic
strength solution. As the buffered sample
is moved through the ion selective electrode,
changes in the electrical potential take place.
These electrical potential changes are measured
against the potential of a reference electrode
in order to derive the correct analogue value
for that sample.
(Metoden tatt i bruk: 1/7-01) |
| Referanse: |
1.
|
Eisenman G: Glass Electrodes
for Hydrogen and Other Cations, Principles
and Practise. New York, Marcel Dekker Inc.,
p 2 (1967) |
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2. |
Tietz, NW: Clinical Guide to
Laboratory Tests, 3rd Edition
WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA pp 610-611
(1995) |
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| Kolesterol
(Kol) |
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| Engelsk
navn: |
Cholesterol |
| Analyseinstrument: |
Advia®1800 |
| Reagensprodusent: |
Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics |
| Analyseprinsipp: |
Enzymatic/Trinder
The cholesterol esters are hydrolysed by cholesterol
esterase to cholesterol and free fatty acids.
The cholesterol is converted to cholesterol-3-one
by cholesterol oxidase in the presence of
oxygen to form hydrogen peroxide. A coloured
complex is formed from hydrogen peroxidase,
4-aminoantipyrine and phenol under the catalytic
influence of peroxidase. The absorbance of
the complex is measured as an endpoint reaction
at 505 nm.
(Metoden tatt i bruk: 1/7-01) |
| Referanse: |
1.
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Richmond W: Preparation and
properties of a cholesterol oxidase from Nocardia
sp. And its application to the enzymatic assay
of total cholesterol in serum. Clin Chem 19:
1350-1356 (1973) |
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2. |
Roeschlau P, Bernt E and Gruber
WJ: Enzymatic determination of total cholesterol
in serum. Clin Chem Clin Biochem 12(5): 226
(1974) |
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3. |
Allain CC, Poon LS, Chan CSG,
Richmond W and Fu PC:
Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol.
Clin Chem 20: 470 (1974) |
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4. |
Trinder P: Determination of
glucose in blood using glucose oxidase with
an alternative oxygen acceptor. Ann Clin Biochem
6: 24-27 (1969) |
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5. |
National Cholesterol Education
Program. Report of expert panel detection,
evaluation and treatment of high blood cholesterol
in adults. National Heart, Lung and Blood
Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892. Arch Int Med
148: 36-69 (1988) |
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| Kreatin
Kinase
(CK) |
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| Engelsk
navn: |
Creatine Kinase |
| Analyseinstrument: |
Advia®1800 |
| Reagensprodusent: |
Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics |
| Analyseprinsipp: |
NAC activated (DGKC)
Creatine Kinase reacts with creatine phosphate
and ADP to form ATP which is coupled to the
hexokinase-GPD reaction, generating NADPH.
The concentration of NADPH is measured by
the increase in absorbance at 340 nm.
(Metoden tatt i bruk: 1/7-01) |
| Referanse: |
1.
|
Recommendations of the German
Society for Clinical Chemistry Standard Method
for the Determination of Creatine Kinase Activity
Revised Draft of 1976. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem
15:
255-260 (1977) |
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2. |
Szasz G, Gruber W and Bernt
E: Creatine Kinase in serum:
Determination of optimum reaction conditions.
Clin Chem
22: 650-656 (1976) |
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3. |
Tietz, NW: Clinical Guide to
Laboratory Tests, 3rd Edition
WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA pp 180-181
(1995) |
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| Kreatinin
(Kreat) |
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| Engelsk
navn: |
Creatinine |
| Analyseinstrument: |
Advia®1800 |
| Reagensprodusent: |
Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics |
| Analyseprinsipp: |
Jaffe, kinetic
The creatinine reacts with the alkaline picric
acid and forms a coloured complex. The rate
of complex formation is measured at 505 nm
and is proportional to the creatinine concentration.
(Metoden tatt i bruk: 1/7-01) |
| Referanse: |
1.
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Jaffe MZ: Über den Niederschlag,
welchen Pikrinsaure in normalem Harn erzeugt
and über eine Reaction des Kreatinins.
Zeitschrift Für Physologische Chemie
10: 391-400 (1886) (Ger) |
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2. |
Tietz, NW: Clinical Guide to
Laboratory Tests, 3rd Edition
WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA pp 186-187
(1995) |
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| Laktat
(Lakt) |
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| Engelsk
navn: |
Lactate |
| Analyseinstrument: |
Advia®1800 |
| Reagensprodusent: |
Roche |
| Analyseprinsipp: |
Enzymatic/Trinder
First, lactate is converted to pyruvate in
an enzymatic reaction. The hydrogen peroxide
produced by this reaction is then used in
an enzymatic reaction to generate a coloured
dye. The intensity of the colour formed is
proportional to the L-lactate concentration
and is measured as an endpoint reaction at
658 nm. |
| Referanse: |
1. |
Gutmann I, Wahlefeld A : Methods
of Enzymatic Analysis.
2nd ed. Bergmeyer HU (ed). Academic
Press Inc, New York NY 1464 (1974). |
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2. |
Noll F : Methods of Enzymatic
Analysis. 2nd ed. Bergmeyer HU
(ed). Academic Press Inc, New York NY 1475
(1974). |
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3. |
Trinder P: Determination of
glucose in blood using glucose oxidase with
an alternative oxygen acceptor. Ann Clin Biochem
6: 24(1969). |
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4. |
4. Barhan D, Trinder P : An
improved colour reagent for the
determination of blood glucose by the oxidase
system. Analyst 97:142 (1972) |
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5. |
Tietz, NW: Clinical Guide to
Laboratory Tests, 3rd Edition
WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA pp 382-383
(1995) |
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6. |
Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, eds.
Tietz Textbook of Clinical
Chemistry. 2nd ed. WB Saunders
Company, Philadelphia, PA p 976 (1994). |
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7. |
Westgard JO, Lahmeyer BL, Birnbaum
ML : Clin Chem. 18: 1334-1338 (1972). |
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8. |
Data on file at Roche Diagnostics. |
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9. |
Passing H, Bablok W: A New
Biometrical Procedure for
Testing the Equality of Measurements from
Two Different
Analytical Methods: J Clin Chem Clin Biochem
21: 709-720 (1983) |
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10. |
Bablok W et al: A General Regression
Procedure for Method
Transformation: J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 26:
783-790 (1988) |
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| Laktat
dehydrogenase
(LD) |
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| Engelsk
navn: |
Lactate Dehydrogenase |
| Analyseinstrument: |
Advia®1800 |
| Reagensprodusent: |
Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics |
| Analyseprinsipp: |
Enzymatio (L-P) / TRIS / NAD+-NADH
LD catalyses the conversion of L-Lactate to
pyruvate in the presence of NAD (nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide). The enzymatic activity
of LD is proportional to the rate of production
of NADH (reduced NAD). The amount of NADH
produced is determined by measuring the increase
of absorbance at 340 nm.
(Metoden tatt i bruk: 26/04-05) |
| Referanse: |
1. |
Amador E, Dorfman LE and Wacker
WE : Serum lactic dehydrogenase activity:
an analytical assessment of current assays.
Clin Chem 9: 391 (1963) |
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2. |
Richards AH, Lubibski RM and
Vanderlinde RE: Studies on the kinetic assay
of lactate dehydrogenase activity.
Clin Chem 21: 1018 (1975) |
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3. |
Wahlenfield AW: UV-method with
L-lactate and NAD. In: Methods of Enzymatic
Analysis, Volume III, 3rd edition
HU Bergmeyer, ed, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim
(1983) |
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4. |
Tietz NW: Textbook of Clinical
Chemistry.
WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA p 710
(1990) |
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5. |
Lum G and Gambino SR: A comparison
of serum versus heparinized plasma for routine
laboratory tests.
AM J Clin Pathol 61: 108-113 (1974) |
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6. |
Tietz, NW: Clinical Guide to
Laboratory Tests, 3rd Edition
WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA pp 384-385
(1995) |
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| Lipase
(Lip) |
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| Engelsk
navn: |
Lipase |
| Analyseinstrument: |
Advia®1800 |
| Reagensprodusent: |
Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics |
| Analyseprinsipp: |
Colorimetric rate
The chromogenic lipase substrate, DGGMR, (1,2-o-dilauryl-rac-glycero-3-glutaric acid-(6'-methylresorufin) ester) is cleaved by the catalytic action of lipase to form
1,2-o-dilauryl-rac-glycerol and an unstable intermediate, glutaric acid-(6'-methyl resorufin) ester. This decomposes spontaneously in an alkaline solution to form glutaric acid and methylresorufin. The lipase activity in the specimen is proportional to the production of methylresorufin in the reaction and is determined spectrophotometrically at
571 nm.
(Metoden tatt i bruk: 12.01.10) |
| Referanse: |
1. |
Tietz NW. Lipase in serum-the elusive enzyme:
An overview. Clin Chem 39:746-756 (1993).
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2. |
Steinberg WM, Goldstein SS, Davies ND, et al. Diagnostic assays in acute pancreatitis. (Review).
Ann Intern Med 102:576-580 (1985).
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3. |
Leybold A, Junge W. Importance of colipase for the measurement of serum lipase activity.
Adv clin Enzymol 4:60-67 (1986).
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4. |
Young, D.S., Effects of Drugs on Clinical Laboratory Tests, AACC Press, Washington, Third Edition, 1990. |
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5. |
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (formerly NCCLS). Evaluation of Precision Performance of Quantitative Measurement Methods; Approved Guideline - Second Edition. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2004.
NCCLS Document EP05-A2.
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| Magnesium
(Mg) |
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| Engelsk
navn: |
Magnesium |
| Analyseinstrument: |
Advia®1800 |
| Reagensprodusent: |
Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics |
| Analyseprinsipp: |
Xylidyl Blue
Magnesium ions reacts with xylidyl blue in
an alkaline medium to form a water soluble
purple-red chelate. The increase in absorbance
of xylidyl blue at 505 nm is proportional
to the concentration of magnesium in the sample.
(Metoden tatt i bruk: 1/7-01) |
| Referanse: |
1. |
Mann CK and Yoe JH: Spectophotometric
determination of magnesium with sodium 1-azo-2-hydroxy-3-
(2,4 dimethylcarboxanilido)-naphthalene-1'-(2-hydroxybenzene-
5-sulfonate). Anal Chem 28: 202-205 (1956)
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2. |
Mann CK and Yoe JH: Spectophotometric
determination of magnesium with 1-azo-2-hydroxy-3-
(2,4 dimethylcarboxanilido)-naphthalene-1'-(2-hydroxybenzene).
Anal Chim Acta 16:
155-160 (1957) |
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3. |
Tietz, NW: Clinical Guide to
Laboratory Tests, 3rd Edition
WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA pp 418-419
(1995) |
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4. |
National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Precision performance of clinical chemistry devices; Approved Guideline- Second Edition. Wayne, PA: NCCLS; 1999. NCCLS Document EP5-A. |
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| Natrium
(Na) |
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| Engelsk
navn: |
Sodium |
| Analyseinstrument: |
Advia®1800 |
| Reagensprodusent: |
Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics |
| Analyseprinsipp: |
Ion Selective Electrode (ISE),
diluted
This method is based on an indirect potentiometric
procedure using an ion selective electrode.
The sodium ion selective electrode responds
selectively to sodium ions according to the
Nernst equation.
The sample is mixed with ISE buffer, thereby
providing a constant pH and a constant ionic
strength solution. As the buffered sample
is moved through the ion selective electrode,
changes in the electrical potential take place.
These electrical potential changes are measured
against the potential of a reference electrode
in order to derive the correct analogue value
for that sample.
(Metoden tatt i bruk: 1/7-01) |
| Referanse: |
1. |
Eisenman G: Glass Electrodes
for Hydrogen and Other Cations, Principles
and Practise. New York, Marcel Dekker Inc.,
p 2 (1967) |
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2. |
Tietz, NW: Clinical Guide to
Laboratory Tests, 3rd Edition
WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA pp 610-611
(1995) |
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| Osmolalitet (Osmol) |
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| Engelsk
navn: |
Osmolality |
| Analyseinstrument: |
Fiske 110 Osmometer |
| Reagensprodusent: |
Fiske®Associates |
| Analyseprinsipp: |
Freezing point osmometry measures the total solute concentration in a liquid. It is most convenient to describe freezing point as the concentration of particles in solution. Freezing point won’t tell you how big these particles are, or what shape they have, or if they are charged. It will tell you how many you have. At low concentrations, freezing point is linear with the number of dissolved particles
The freezing-point method is used by Fiske Osmometer.
(Metoden tatt i bruk: 1996) |
| Referanse: |
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Micciche K., Utilization of controls, materials and osmometry in a clinical setting offers quality benefits, Clinical Lab Products, May 2003; Volume 32, Number 5: Page 28.
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| Progesteron (Prog) |
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| Engelsk
navn: |
Progesteron |
| Analyseinstrument: |
IMMULITEŽ2000 |
| Reagensprodusent: |
Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics |
| Analyseprinsipp: |
Progesterone is a solidphase, competitive chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay.
For detailed description: IMMULITE® 2000; Principles of operation
(Metoden tatt i bruk: 8/3-04) |
| Referanse: |
1. |
Aufrere MB, Benson H. Progesterone: an overview and recent advances. JPharm Sci 1976; 65:783-800.
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2. |
Bauman J. Basal body temperature: unreliable method of ovulation detection. Fertil Steril 1981; 36:729-33.
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3. |
Brown JB. Timing of ovulation. Med J Austral 1977; ii:780-83.
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4. |
Gautray JP, et al. Clinical investigation of the menstrual cycle: clinical, endometrial and endocrine aspects of luteal defect. Fertil Steril 1981; 35:296-303.
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5. |
Hensleigh PA, Fainstat T. Corpus luteum dysfunction: serum progesterone levels in diagnosis and assessment of therapy for recurrent and threatened abortion. Fertil Steril 1979; 32:396-9.
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6. |
Hernandez Horta JL, et al. Direct evidence of luteal insufficiency in women with habitual abortion. Obstet Gynecol 1977; 49:705-8.
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7. |
Jones G. Luteal phase defects. In: Behrman SJ, Kistner RW, editors. Progress in infertility. Boston: Little & Brown, 2nd Edition, 1975: 299-324.
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8. |
Klopper A, Fuchs F. Progestagens. In: Fuchs F, Klopper A, editors. Endocrinology of pregnancy. Hagerstown: Harper & Row, 1977: 99-122.
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9. |
Lehmann F, Bettendorf G. The endocrine shift from a normal cycle to anovulation. In: Insler V, Bettendorf G, editors. Advances in diagnosis and treatment of infertility. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North Holland, 1981: 105-13.
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10. |
March CM. Luteal phase defects. In: Mishell DR, Davajan V, editors. Reproductive endocrinology, infertility and contraception. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis, 1979:469-76.
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11. |
March CM, Goebelsmann U, Nakamura RM and Mishell DR. Roles of estradiol and progesterone in eliciting the midcycle luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone surges. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1979; 49:507-13.
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12. |
Progesterone (Rochester: Bioeducational Publications, 1981). A BIO-ED slide/seminar educational program.
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13. |
Radwanska E, et al. Plasma progesterone and oestradiol estimations in the diagnosis and treatment of luteal insufficiency in menstruating infertile women. Acta Eur Fertil 1976; 7:39-47.
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14. |
Radwanska E, et al. Plasma progesterone levels in normal and abnormal early human pregnancy. Fertil Steril 1978; 30:398-402.
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15. |
Radwanska E, et al. Single midluteal progesterone assay in the management of ovulatory infertility. J Reprod Med 1981; 26:85-89.
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16. |
Sheehan KL, Casper RF, Yen SSC. Luteal phase defects induced by an agonist of luteinizing hormone-releasing factor: a model for fertility control. Science 1982; 215:170-72.
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17. |
Wentz A. Pathophysiology of luteal phase inadequacy. In: Tozzini RI, Reeves G and Pineda RL, editors. Endocrine physiopathology of the ovary. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North Holland, 1980, 257-74.
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18. |
Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, editors. Tietz textbook of clinical chemistry. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1994.
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19. |
Hilborn S, Krahn J.Effect of time of exposure to gel-barrier tubes on results for progesterone and some other endocrine tests. Clin Chem 1987; 33:204.
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20. |
Reimers TJ, et al. Effect of storage times and temperature on T3, T4, LH, prolactin, insulin, cortisol, and progesterone concentrations in blood samples from cows. J Anim Sci 1983; 57:683-691.
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21. |
Smith RL. Effect of serum-separating gels on progesterone assays. Clin Chem 1985; 31:1239.
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22. |
National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Procedures for the collection of diagnostic blood specimens by venipuncture; approved standard. 4th ed. NCCLS Document H3-A4, Wayne, PA: NCCLS, 1998.
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23. |
Vankrieken L. IMMULITE reproductive hormone assays: multicenter reference range data. Los Angeles: Diagnostic Products Corporation, 2000. Document No. ZB157-D.
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| Protein,
total
(Tprot) |
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| Engelsk
navn: |
Total Protein |
| Analyseinstrument: |
Advia®1800 |
| Reagensprodusent: |
Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics |
| Analyseprinsipp: |
Biuret
Protein peptide bonds interact with cupric
ions to form a purple complex which is measured
as an endpoint reaction at 545 nm.
(Metoden tatt i bruk: 25/11-02) |
| Referanse: |
1. |
Weichselbaum TE : An accurate
and rapid method for the determination of
proteins in small amounts of blood serum and
plasma. Amer J Clin Path 16:40 (1946) |
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2. |
Tietz, NW: Clinical Guide to
Laboratory Tests, 3rd Edition
WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA pp 518-519
(1995) |
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Ingen metodebeskrivelse
under Q |
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Ingen metodebeskrivelse
under R |
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